Infographics
The Heart Failure Exam SummaryThis infographic provides a visual guide for evaluating heart failure using the "A, B, C, L" classification, with focus on congestion and perfusion status. The classification helps identify patients' profiles as warm and dry (A), warm and wet (B), cold and wet (C), and cold and…
Pregnancy in Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) This infographic provides a comprehensive overview of considerations for managing pregnancy in women with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). It outlines each stage of pregnancy from preconception to postpartum, focusing on risk assessment, monitoring, and collaborative care with cardio-obstetrics. Key advice includes preconception…
Title: Dominant R Wave in V1 Mnemonic: HCM This infographic presents a mnemonic (HCM) for recalling causes of a dominant R wave in lead V1, categorized under Human Error, Conduction, and Muscle-related issues. Produced by: Dr. Patrick ZakkaReviewed by: Dr. Eunice Dugan, Dr. Richard Ferraro
Approach to Diuretic Resistance This infographic outlines the mechanisms and management strategies for addressing diuretic resistance in patients, including approaches based on pharmacology, extra-renal, and intra-renal factors. Key management recommendations are included for sequential blockade, acetazolamide, high-dose mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, hypertonic saline, and SGLT-2 inhibitors Produced by: Dr. Gurleen KaurEdited…
Causes of Hypertriglyceridemia This infographic provides an overview of hypertriglyceridemia, the most common dyslipidemia affecting about 30% of the population. Hypertriglyceridemia often begins at levels of ≥150 mg/dl, though even high-normal values (100-140 mg/dl) may carry increased cardiovascular risk. Key causes are summarized with the mnemonic "High Lipids Cause Morbidity":…
Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter This infographic outlines a step-by-step guide for considering anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Key steps include confirming the diagnosis, calculating the CHA₂DS₂-VASc and HAS-BLED scores, and involving patients in shared decision-making. Warfarin and various DOACs are listed with indications for dosage and…
Family History of Premature ASCVD: FAQs in CVD Prevention Clinic A family history of premature ASCVD (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease) includes events such as heart attack, stroke, or other cardiovascular incidents in first-degree relatives under age 55 for men or under 65 for women. This history is a risk-enhancing factor, especially…
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Summary:Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a form of pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) > 20 mmHg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) ≤ 15 mmHg, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) ≥ 3 Woods units. PAH can be caused by various conditions,…
INOCA: Ischemia and Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Summary:INOCA refers to symptoms of ischemia without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) or flow-limiting disease on left heart catheterization. The prevalence is significant, affecting 3-4 million people in the US, with around 70% of anginal hospitalizations showing non-obstructive CAD findings. It predominantly impacts…
Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) Scale Summary:The BARC Scale is a standardized tool used to categorize and define bleeding events in clinical trials. It spans from Type 1, which includes minor bleeding events that do not require medical intervention, to Type 5, indicating fatal bleeding. This scale helps clinicians assess…