Non-Statin Lipid Lowering Agents This table provides an overview of various non-statin lipid-lowering agents, summarizing their mechanisms, lipid-lowering efficacy, impact on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), advantages, and disadvantages. Drug Classes Covered: Bempedoic Acid Inclisiran PCSK9 Inhibitors (Evolocumab, Alirocumab) Ezetimibe Bile Acid Sequestrants Niacin Fibrates Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA) Each…
Patent Foramen Ovale Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is a remnant of fetal circulation, presenting as a persistent connection between the left and right atria. Affecting approximately 25–30% of the population, it often has no symptoms but may be associated with certain clinical conditions. Associated Defects: Atrial Septal Aneurysms (ASA) Chiari…
Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) Overview:This infographic explains the etiology, risk factors, diagnostic criteria, mimics, and management strategies for Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB). LBBB is a significant electrocardiographic abnormality indicating conduction delay through the left bundle branch, often linked to structural heart disease. Etiology: Fibrosis and degeneration due to…
Heart Failure & Pregnancy This infographic delves into how heart failure (HF) and pregnancy intersect, with a focus on the risks posed by prepregnancy cardiomyopathy and peripartum cardiomyopathy. Women with persistent left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF <50%) before pregnancy are at heightened risk for serious complications, including further LVEF deterioration, maternal…
Cardio-Oncology: 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Heart Failure Guidelines This infographic highlights the significance of identifying and monitoring cancer therapy-related cardiotoxicity (CTRC). It emphasizes a multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach to managing oncological therapies to mitigate the risks of cardiac dysfunction. Recommendations are provided for both pretherapy and ongoing cardiac monitoring, particularly for patients with…
LDL-C vs Apo-B This infographic reveals how LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) concentrations may not tell the full story about cardiovascular risk. It explains that LDL particles can vary in size and density, with smaller, denser particles linked to increased risk of atherosclerosis. These misleading LDL-C values can underestimate cardiovascular risk…
5 Steps of Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Management Suspect PE Consider Risk Factors: Recent surgery, prolonged immobilization, active cancer, etc. Symptoms: Sudden onset of dyspnea, chest pain, and tachycardia. PERC Criteria: Utilized to rule out PE in low-risk patients. Estimate Risk of PE Clinical Tools: Use Well's score and Geneva score…
The Brockenbrough-Braunwald-Morrow Sign: Understanding LVOT Obstruction in HCM This engaging CardioNerds illustration breaks down the Brockenbrough-Braunwald-Morrow sign, highlighting the hemodynamic dynamics in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM). The artwork uses characters to explain how premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) influence left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) behavior. Key Highlights: Compensatory Pause After PVC: Prolonged…
Pre-Cath Medications This infographic provides essential guidance on managing medications before cardiac catheterization, focusing on balancing medication safety and procedure outcomes. Metformin eGFR ≥ 60: Continue Metformin. Rationale: Lower risk of contrast-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). eGFR ≤ 45: Avoid Metformin. Rationale: Increased risk of lactic acidosis peri-cath, though the…
Cardiac Tumors in Adults This infographic outlines key aspects of cardiac tumors in adults, focusing on their epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Epidemiology Most cardiac masses are either thrombi/vegetation or neoplastic masses. Metastatic tumors are more than 20 times more common than primary cardiac tumors (PCT). Primary Cardiac Tumors (PCT)…